Iyengar & Lepper’s 2000 jam study and Sethi-Iyengar’s 2004 401(k) evidence show that wider option sets paralyse decision-makers. With ~1,500 MF schemes and 5,000+ listed stocks, Indian retail investors face an extreme choice-overload landscape. A four-step counter-measure checklist, and an educational case study on how Titan Biotech (BSE: 524717) FY25’s focused specialty-biotech portfolio reads as anti-choice-overload corporate behaviour.

The CEO-to-Median-Employee Pay Ratio mandated by Companies Act Section 197(12) read with Rule 5(1)(i) is one of the highest signal-to-noise governance disclosures in any Indian annual report. This educational piece decodes the metric, shows how to read its three-to-five-year arc, and illustrates the disciplined Pattern-A signature using Titan Biotech (BSE: 524717) FY25 audited markers — purely as a teaching case, not as a buy/sell view.

Roy Baumeister and colleagues showed in 2001 that bad events register roughly three times more strongly than good ones in the human mind. For Indian retail investors, this asymmetry explains panic selling, F&O double-downs, SIP discontinuations during drawdowns and the weight of a single negative headline. Includes Titan Biotech Ltd (BSE: 524717) FY25 audited educational case study.